Vulnerable Populations Victims of Violence Essay Example

Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence Paper Running Head: ‘Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence’ ‘Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence’ Norita Prather BSHS/302-BSAE0ZSH3 University of Phoenix Instructor: Tami Frye September 26, 2011 Each domestic abuse relationship is unique, and has a pattern that holds certain signs, clues, and characteristics that could have helped decide if one were in an unhealthy or abusive relationship. There are significant indicators that are common to all virtual cases of domestic abuse, mainly because people have heard much about domestic abuse, but did not think it applied to their situation. What is domestic abuse, how is it defined for someone to recognize and seek help; coming from someone that has a damaged cornea as a result of domestic abuse, I will give my definition. I think a single incident usually does not constitute abuse. Domestic abuse usually involves a pattern of abusive events, where victims typically experience a repetitive, cyclic pattern of destructive or violent behaviors that generally escalate over time. I think the main contributor of domestic abuse if based on power and control. There are many misconceptions of what taking control means, in a domestic abuse situation, taking control to one may think that is a sign of caring and wanting only the best for the other. Furthermore, there is no reason for anyone to go through domestic abuse whether it is physical or verbal. I would advise victims to be smart, and safe, and get awaysomeone’s life might depend on the choice you make. The history of domestic violence has been prevalent throughout the United States and other parts of the Worldand intimate partner abuse has been a art of many cultures for many generations. From my understanding, British common law had allowed a man to â€Å"chastise† his wife with â€Å"any reasonable instrument†. In the United States, throughout the 1800’s, state laws and cultural practices continued to support a man’s right to discipline his wife. It was not until 1895 that a woman could even divorce her husband on ground of abuse. Domestic abuse af fects men and women, but one out of four women will be a victim at some point of their lifetime (Roberts, 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first shelter for battered women and their children was opened in London, England within a few years of 1975, emergency shelters for battered women opened in different parts of the United States such as the one in New York City; St. Paul, Minnesota; and Fresno, California. In 1994, the Violence Against Women Act was adopted. The act encouraged research into domestic abuse and generated the legal and financial support for law enforcement and social services to protect battered women. Because of the traumatic nature of domestic violence, it is recognized worldwide with major initiative to improve the continual efforts regarding policies and courts responses to battered individuals. Today, there are many policies, programs, intervention strategies, and legal enforcers for dealing with victims and abusers of domestic violence. Being a victim/survivor of domestic abuse creates numerous issues and experiences including, readjustment, insecurities, anger, confusion, and self-doubt. Oftentimes, abused individuals lose family and friends as a result of the battering. Generally, the abuser isolates them from family and friends. The level of inflicted abused becomes an embarrassment and the abused individual usually withdraws from their support system to avoid embarrassment. Feelings of anxiety sometimes emerge if you decide to exit the situation and are reentering into a new world free of violence. Social problems also surfaces from domestic abuse; it creates feelings of isolation and exclusion. According to authors, John Hamel and Tonia Nicholla (Hamel Nicholla, 2007), domestic abuse is not abusive at all times. It follows a three-phase cycle known as ‘The Cycle of Violence’. The cycle starts in the honeymoon phase, and over time, tension builds and then the abuse starts. The domestic abuse cycle is continual and people often stay because the honeymoon phase comes back around and displays remorse. Victims usually choose to stay because promises have been made that the violent acts will never happen again; do not ever believe it will never happen again because it will, and now, the abuse will become more frequent and oftentimes, more severe. Unfortunately, domestic violence is a worldwide epidemic, and is one of the most chronically underreported crimes. Your socioeconomic class, religion, race, or ethnic group, etc. does not have an influence on whether or not you become involved in the cycle of domestic abuse. Although there is no distinctive category at identifying who is at risk for domestic violence, there are some common situations among people who experience domestic violence, such as being abused as a child, witnessed domestic violence as a child, isolated socially from family and friends, physical or mental disability, unemployment, poverty or poor living situations, previously in an abusive relationship, simply planning to leave or has recently left an abusive situation, etc. The Bureau of Justice Statistics crime data brief reported that 85% of domestic abuse is women, and women of all races are about equally vulnerable to violence by an intimate partner. Allstate Foundation conducted a national poll on domestic abuse and reported that nearly three out of four (74%) of Americans personally knew someone who is or has been a victim of domestic violence. Thirty-percent of Americans say they know a woman who has been physically abused by her husband or boyfriend in the past year. Getting out of a domestic violence situation is not easy, but there are many domestic violence abuse programs for victims and their children within the criminal justice and child welfare systems. The wide array of services are unlimited and range from advocacy and support services, anonymous telephone hotlines where you can call, and seek advice, abused and battered shelters where you can stay, counseling, community-based services, non-profit resources and organizations, local, and state government services and assistances. Additionally, there are plenty of national resources for domestic violence that fosters discussion forum where victims can talk with others involved in domestic violence and prevention to nurture empowerment and belonging among one another. The effectiveness of future intervention strategies depend upon human service workers, law enforcement officers, educators, domestic abuse, and child welfare organization personnel to all play collaborating roles in the prevention and intervention of cases of harmful domestic violence. Once domestic violence has been identified, future intervention should include follow-up and referral services, evaluations of the victim(s) for immediate needs, a safety plan that is personalized, and gone over with someone with a knowledgeable background with domestic violence; and efficient review of the pattern and history of the domestic violent cases to prevent future risk of death or significant injury/harm. In closing, domestic abuse is an unfortunate situation that profoundly affects everyone that is involved in the situation and intervention process. Domestic violence should not happen to anyone, but it does, and when it occurs there is help. Domestic abuse can cause major long-term troubles for battered individuals such as physical and mental difficulties. Overall, any type of abuse whether it is physical or verbal is unacceptable and should not be tolerated. Everyone deserves to live free of fear, and be safe and happy. References Allstate Foundation National Poll on Domestic Violence, 2006. Lieberman Research Inc. Tracking Survey conducted for The Advertising Council and the Family Violence Prevention Fund, July – October 1996. Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Domestic Violence, 1993-2001, February 2003. Hamel, J. , Nicholla, T. , (2007). Family Intervention in Domestic Violence. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. Roberts, A. , (2002). Handbook of Domestic Violence Intervention Strategies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Earth Day Essay

Earth Day Essay Earth Day Essay As people living on a planet to ourselves, working, producing products, expanding as a society whether it be new houses, buildings, jobs, food places and etc. When we first had all of these new things we didn’t think about the affects they would have on our earth. Considering this, who would have thought that those big buildings that constantly had smoke pouring out of them that also made the fancy cars, new dishwashers, T.V.’s, and microwaves could also be bad for us? It was said that the air was so dirty sometimes that tourists couldn’t see the city below from the Empire State building observation deck. It was then brought to Richard Nixon’s attention something had to be done. He then created the Environmental Protection Agency that would enforce laws that would protect public health and the environments as well. This set of laws then lead to the Clean Air act, a law that was designed to reduce air pollution. At the time cars would use lead gasoline, whi ch contained lead that could be a brain stunt in development. As I said before not everyone was thinking about the effects these new products would bring. As always though, someone was. Being the year 2014 and seeing how far we have come, could you imagine being the person who started Earth Day. The founder Gaylord Nelson, first had the idea after the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbra. They figured if they could get enough of the public’s attention something could be done. And that is exactly what happened. On April 22nd 1970, 20 million people participated in the first ever Earth Day. The movement received what was seemed to be rare and unique support from people of every different background. Rich, poor, farmers, city slickers, labor leaders, even democratic and republicans. The first Earth Day was such a success that when the year 1990 came around environmental leaders were asking for another. The next Earth Day went global. This time they were 200 million people fro m 141 countries. The earth day of 1990 the main focus was have the importance of recycling made known to anyone and everyone. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Now to this day we are still fighting for a cleaner earth. The average person generates about 4.5 pounds of trash every day, which makes about 1.5 tons of solid waste per year. It is also estimated that 75% of solid waste is recyclable while only about 30% is recycled. Although that doesn’t seem like a lot there is still effort for a greener earth. With new recycled products such as paper and water bottles. The idea of using recycled products to make more of the same product is a sustainable and smart way to produce a product and although not every company knows that there are still many improvements from what was. Earth day 2014 consisted of over a billion people in 190 countries. This year their main

Straight-Tusked Elephant - Facts and Figures

Straight-Tusked Elephant - Facts and Figures Name: Straight-Tusked Elephant; also known as Palaeoloxodon and Elephas antiquus Habitat: Plains of western Europe Historical Epoch: Middle-Late Pleistocene (1 million-50,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet tall and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long, slightly curved tusks    About the Straight-Tusked Elephant Understanding the Straight-Tusked Elephant requires a quick primer in modern elephant classification. Living elephants are represented by two genera, Loxodonta and Elephas; the former comprises two species (Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis) of African elephants, while the latter contains but a single species: Elephas maximus, the Asian elephant. Long story short, most paleontologists consider the Straight-Tusked Elephant to be an extinct species of Elephas, Elephas antiquus, though some assign it to its own genus, Palaeoloxodon antiquus. As if thats not confusing enough, this prehistoric relative of the Asian elephant was native to western Europe! Classification issues aside, the Straight-Tusked Elephant was one of the largest pachyderms of the Pleistocene epoch, standing 12 feet tall and weighing in the neighborhood of two to three tons. As you might expect given its name, this elephants most distinctive trait was its exceptionally long, slightly curving tusks, which it used along with its unusually long tongue and trunk to strip the leaves off trees. Judging by fossil remains, the Straight-Tusked Elephant roamed the European plains in smallish herds of a dozen or so individuals, and was eventually out-competed in its increasingly frigid ecosystem by the well-insulated Woolly Mammoth. (By the way, some experts believe it was the Straight-Tusked Elephant that spawned the Dwarf Elephants of the Mediterranean basin.)

Boeotian black figure tripod kothon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Boeotian black figure tripod kothon - Essay Example The komos is a parade of masked men costumed as satyrs and an occasion of feasting, joyous drinking and dancing.1 According to Maurice Emmanuel, representations of komos was much affected by the painters of vases and the fashion spread over the whole of Hellenistic world, to Boeotia and its kothons.2 The homosexual theme painted on the kothon served its purpose because; the kothon was the preferred drinking-vessel by soldiers taken on campaigns because it is easily carried in a knapsack. Greek men are known to practice pederasty and soldiers were known to fight with their lovers in battle. In the Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Critias wrote about the vessel: â€Å"The reason why it is so well adapted to military use is that it is often necessary to drink water that is not pure. It is first of all useful because the liquid to be drunk cannot be seen with any clarity.†3 The Boeotian black figure tripod kothon further demonstrates this with its inward turning edges which wou ld inevitably catch a residue of the impurities inside its lip. One man, in dancing depiction, stretches an inviting reach toward the other dancing figures chin in the depiction of hopeful gesture for a romantic response. It appears that the dances are part of Dionysian rites with its revelry and wine-involved dances. Dionysius or his representation, however, is not depicted in the painting. According to Csapo and Miller, it is difficult to establish a connection to Dionysius on the basis of available iconography because the kothon paintings only show general associations such as the use of wine in the ritual and the masked satyrs.4 In the previously cited kothon artifact housed in Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, there is a more detailed depiction of the komos in the Boeotian kothon (see the picture below). In this case, the komos is collocated with a sacrifice ceremony, involving wine-poring, piper playing and

Geology of Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geology of Qatar - Essay Example These natural resources contribute actively towards the realization of the skyrocketing economies experienced in the nation. For instance, there are several places in the country of Qatar supplied with natural gas and oil deposits2. These are some of the powerful natural resources that make the country gain international recognition, respect as well as realize robust economies. In addition to natural gas, Qatar also has several deposits of oil fields. This makes the nation on e of the largest oil producers in the world. This works well with boosting as well as expanding the economies of the state of Qatar. Other than the natural reserves, it is of crucial significance to note that the country of Qatar also boasts of a collection of beautiful sceneries, geological features as well as landscapes. Some of these geological features as well as scenic beauties have contributed massively towards strengthening the economy of Qatar in several diverse ways. For instance, the myriad of features have ensured heavy flow of tourists into the nation of Qatar to have an experience as well as identify with some of the natural features. This has ensured generation as well as creation of foreign exchange, improved employment conditions as well as upholding nation’s pride. The foreign exchange as well as income earned from such tourism activities has led to massive eco nomic growth in the region. This paper is going to explore some of the geologic features found in the sovereign state of Qatar. In addition, the paper is going to focus on some of the surface features, the terrain as well as landscape of the nation of Qatar. It is of critical significance to note that Qatar is one of the states with sabkhas forming some of the geologic landform features. The sabkhas are always characterized with dry burrows. This presents greater risks to geologists due to the fact that such dry burrows may always host deadly animals like snakes that can bite geologists. This presents one

Macbeths Letter Essay Example for Free

Macbeths Letter Essay I am writing to you as I know that you will keep the contents of this letter a secret. The last few days have been very strange and unreal to me. I cannot believe how much my life has changed in such a short space of time. I ask you to please destroy this letter once you have read it and not tell a soul about what it contains as I have committed a terrible crime. A couple of days ago I was a noble warrior fighting against Norway and now Im king of Scotland. With my brandishd steel I approached the leader of the Norwegians, Macdonald, and unseamd him from the nave to thchaps and fixd his head on our battlements to show everyone he was dead. Norway were defeated. After the battle, Banquo and I walked along the moors and we came across three weird sisters that looked nothing I had ever seen on this earth. They greeted me by saying All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Glamis, All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor, All hail Macbeth that shalt be king hereafter. At this greeting I was rather shocked and confused. True I was Thane of Glamis but Thane of Cawdor and king? The Thane of Cawdor lived and as was the king. I was puzzled. Were these prophecies real? Whilst I was lost in my thoughts, Banquo asked them to predict something for him as they had for me. They told him that his children shall be kings but he will not be king himself. I ordered them to stay and tell me more but they were unwilling to be ordered by me and vanished into thin air. I do not think Banquo believed his prophecies as much as I did mine. We carried on walking and talked about the witches. Then we saw two men coming towards us. They said that the king had sent them because he had heard of my success in battle. One of the men said the king bade him to call me Thane of Cawdor! I asked him why he was dressing me in borrowd robes. He explained to me that the old thane of Cawdor was a traitor and would be executed. I could not help thinking that the greatest was behind. I then thought a terrible thought. Murdering king Duncan to become king. I pushed the thought out of my head and told myself if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. I did not have to get involved in order to become king. We made our way to the kings headquarters and king Duncan told me how grateful he was for what I had done in battle. I told him it was an honour to fight for him and I felt it was my duty to him. He then made a startling announcement. His eldest son Malcolm was named the Prince of Cumberland! I could not help feeling angry on hearing this. Malcolm stood in my way of becoming king. I felt as though I was not in control of my feelings. One minute I was loyal and the next I had these evil thoughts. They disturbed me but I could not stop them. I pleaded, stars hold your fires, let not light see my black and deep desires. I did not want anyone to see these terrible thoughts I had. Duncan said that he was to stay at my castle that night so I left at once to inform my wife of his arrival. I sent a letter on to Lady Macbeth to inform her of the meeting with the witches, their prophecies and my becoming Thane of Cawdor. I know she thinks that I cannot act on my ambitions and that I am too kind to act on the information that the witches gave to me. When I arrived I told her I told her about Duncan coming to stay. She encouraged the idea of murdering him. She told me to look like thinnocent flower but be the serpent undert. I was to look innocent but be ready to strike. I felt she was taking control of this situation. She overpowered me. I was not allowed to speak. I told her I needed to think about it but she did not listen and told me to leave all the rest to her. When Duncan arrived, Lady Macbeth greeted him as my mind was too full with other thoughts. I know she showed gratitude towards him and showed fake loyalty. I could not have been false to his face. I left the feast to be alone. I thought that if I were to murder Duncan it would be best to do it quickly. But how I hoped it would be the end of it without any consequences because I knew that with murder would come horrible consequences. I was confused as to what I should do. I was his subject. I looked up to him as king. I was his host. I should be protecting him not murdering him. I thought Duncan is no enemy of mine. He is my king. He has been a good king so far. If he was to be murdered then everyone would be horrified and there would be a wild protest. Everyone would be looking for the murderer. The only thing I had to make me murder him was my ambition and that alone is not alone. Lady Macbeth came to me and I told her we would proceed no further in this business. She called me a coward and said that if I told her to kill her child then she would do so. She had managed to change my mind. If we should fail? I asked her. She told me we would not fail and that Duncan would sleep easily after his long journey. She then said that she would convince his two guards to have some wine. They would be unaware of what is happening. Then when Duncan was dead we would smear blood on their limbs and let them bear the guilt of our great quell. At that moment I could not help admiring Lady Macbeth. I told her she should only have male children for she has great strength and courage. She told me that no one would suspect us because we would be distraught with sadness at the news of his death. My mind was made up. I told her that every bit of me was going to work at this murder. Part of me wanted to show I could do this and that I was not a coward. I was walking around the castle later that night when I came across Banquo and his son. Banquo told me he dreamt of the witches and how their prophecies had come true for me. I lied to him and told him that I did not think of them. I had to lie as I was about to kill the king. After Banquo left I saw in front of me a dagger. It looked as real as the one I had in my belt. It was pointing towards Duncans chamber. I saw blood on the dagger that was not on there before. My disturbed mind was showing me things that were not there. Suddenly a bell rang and I made my way towards Duncans chamber. When I returned to my wife from Duncans chamber I heard her say that she would have murdered him herself if he did not remind her of her father. I was anxious. I looked at my hands. It was a sorry sight. Lady Macbeth tried to get me to snap out of it. I told her that as I came out of the chamber I had heard someone saying their prayers in their room and how I could not even bring myself to utter the word amen. I felt cursed. She told me I should not think about it. I could not help thinking that it was the end of me. My wife warned me that to dwell on these things would make me mad. I felt mad at that moment. I had lost all control. I had murdered sleep. I did not think I would ever be able to sleep again. My wife told me to go and wash my hands. It was then that she noticed I still had the daggers. She ordered me to go and put them back. I told her I would not go back into that room. I was frightened. I couldnt find any ounce of bravery within me. I could not face going in there again. She was disgusted with me and told me I was acting like a child. She told me to leave it all to her. She took control once again. She returned the daggers and smeared the guards with Duncans blood. I became jumpy. I looked down at my hands again. I believed that I had so much blood on them that it could change the whole sea red if I were to put them in it. I felt a sense of disgust as I stared down at the blood. Lady Macbeth returned from the chamber and her hands too were covered in blood. She called me a coward. She seemed so certain that a little water would clear us of this deed. I was not so sure. I did not feel like myself anymore. I did not feel like the noble warrior I once was. I heard knocking and wished that it would wake Duncan up and rewind this whole tragedy. Now I am king. I will not bore you with how it all happened. I fear that people will suspect me. I think Mcduff already does. I fear that I will have to kill again to ensure that Lady Macbeth and myself are not found out. I only hope you will be able to forgive the terrible sins I have committed.

Black Holes Essay -- essays research papers fc

Black holes are one of the many things in the universe that scientists still have a muddy understanding about. However, with the incredible advances of technology, we are able to understand more than what we have in the past. Today, the only way to observe these incredible objects are by looking for radiation from the gas surrounding it. What are they? Black holes are no more than a  ³dead star. ² A star that is considered  ³alive ² would be our sun. The sun still produces energy by converting hydrogen into helium, thus considered to be  ³alive. ² Once a star has run out of hydrogen, it begins its dying process. The final stage may result in a black dwarf, which is a small cool object no longer radiating energy, or if the star harbors enough mass it could result in a black hole. Black holes are defined as a collapsed star. The difference between a black dwarf and a black hole is the original mass of the star, which determines whether or not that star will have enough gra vitation force to collapse upon its self and form a suction, or to remain as that small cool object, a black dwarf. Why do black holes suck everything in? To understand why material that enters a black hole is unable to escape, one must understand the concept of escape velocity. This is the velocity (speed) at which any material needs to exceed in order to escape from something. Because, as Einstein said,  ³What ever goes up must come down! ² In other words, in order for a space craft to exit the Earth ¹s atmosphere so that it must not come down, it must exceed a certain speed. In order to figure out the Earth ¹s escape velocity one takes the square root of the planet ¹s mass divided by the planet's radius. PLANET ¹S MASS / PLANET ¹S RADIUS = ESCAPE VELOCITY On Earth with a radius of 6,500 km, the escape velocity would be 11 km/sec. Therefore to launch any object away from Earth, the object must travel (escape) faster than 11 km/sec. All of this is of course the result of gravity. However, imagine a huge vise that squeezed the Earth to one-quarter its present size. What would then happen to the escape velocity? The velocity would increase because the mass would increase as the radius increased. Thus, taking the square root of a larger number, ending up with a larger number that being the escape velocity. The actual escape velocity of this hypothetical question would double it making it 22 km/sec. Taking ... ... horizon, which would emit radiation because of this. The thermal radiation is so hot that it is expected to be x-ray types of radiation. Once the radiation surpasses the even horizon, the x-rays cease and the material inside continues in great distortion. This is what scientists are trying to link to their observation of such radio active areas within out universe today. Bibliography Abell, George O. Exploration of The Universe. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975. Berger, Melvin. Quasars, Pulsars and Black Holes In Space. Canada: Longman Canada Limited, 1977. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G.S.  ³At The Border of Eternity. ² Science. February, 27, 1998: 1321- 1322. Chaisson, Eric. Relatively Speaking. Canada: The Readers Digest Association Ltd., 1990.  ³Down The Galactic Drain. ² Discover. April 1998: 25. Shipman, Harry L. Black Holes, Quasars, and The Universe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976. Sullivan, Walter. Black Holes- The Edge of Space, The End of Time. New York: Anchor Press, 1979. Taylor, John G. Black Holes: the End of The Universe?. New York: Random House Inc., 1973.  ³The Astronomers- Searching for Black Holes. ² Community television of Southern California, 1991.

Court Issues

The criminal justice system has changed tremendously over the decades and so has society. It is important that the court system make changes to keep up with the times. There are parts of the court system that need to be identified to have these changes occur. One of these areas is the way courts are managed including their problems and resolutions. A new trend that has emerged is victims’ rights. Victims can now intervene in the cases before sentencing. In the future, courts could lose cases to arbitration and mediation also known as the private sector of the courts. Understanding these changes and issues are important so that the courts can correspond with the trends as they occur. The courts are an important piece of the justice system. In order to meet the domains of the criminal justice system the courts evolve with the new processes and trends as they happen. Below the paragraphs will analyze and explore future management issues dealing with technological innovations and how the new technology is impacting the courts. Along with how victims’ rights are impacting the courts. One of the main issues that the courts are facing in the future is the possible division between the private law sector and the courts. The technological innovations also impacts the courts staff and judges. Current and future trends facing the courts and administrators One of the issues facing the court system today is judges are not able to see many cases because of their administrative role. Judges spend the majority of their time â€Å"papering budgets, scheduling cases, supervising employees, and maintaining court records† (Robinson, 2009, pg. 208, para 5). The courthouse employee’s work together getting cases dispensed as quickly as possible. Some of these cases are dismissed before even being seen because of how many cases there are. Many of the minor cases are plea bargained so that the more serious cases can be seen. In doing this the judges and the courts have more time to spend on the very serious cases such as murder cases. The court system has to make adjustments due to the many cases that they have coming through the courts and they would never caught up because of the fact that there are many people having run in with the law enforcement. Another problem that courts are facing today is the imbalance of power. In the courtroom today the prosecutors have more power because there are the ones that decide if there is going to be charges filed against someone. This means that if the prosecutor does not prosecute a case the judge and defense attorney will have no say in the outcome of that case. One former United States Attorney General has stated â€Å"the prosecutor has more control over life, liberty, and reputation than any other person in America† (Robinson, 2009, pg. 209, para 4). The power that the judges have has been reduced because of the changes in sentencing and rules. The mandatory sentencing laws has given prosecutors the increase power of prosecution control over cases and how they are disposed of. With the power that prosecutors have the justice system is being threatened. If the law was still equal the defense attorney would have the resources they need to help the defendant. The defense attorneys have heavy caseloads because they work for the government and their resources are limited that they can access. Issues and trends regarding language interpretation services Throughout the United States individuals rely on the court system to solve issues and controversies in their lives. Language barriers between an individual and the courts cause the process to get delayed because it causes communication and understanding problems. When a witness is on the stand testifying that speaks a different language that interpreters need to understand what the witness is saying so they can communicate their true meaning of their statement. The United States accepts many different immigrants and the way of communicating. One of the fundamental rights that the United States has is to recognize the important reason why immigrants come to the United States, â€Å"in our country’s belief in equal justice for all, but to have equal justice, every victim, every witness must understand what is happening in the courtroom† (Board of Directors, 2007, pg. 3, para 2). With the increasing population of immigrants that do not speak English is making it harder to accommodate for people because the courts have to make sure that the interpreter fully understands the language and can translate what the witness is saying. New York courts employ approximately 300 full and part time court interpreters, and 1,200 interpreters on the per diem bases, to provide services in over 100 languages† (Board of Directors, 2007, pg. 4, para 2). The multi-faceted type of communication makes it harder for interpreters in the courtrooms because of the words meaning different things in the different cultures in the Un ited States. An interpreter of the courts also needs to understand legal terminology and procedures of the cultural content that impacts all individuals involved in the case. Interpreters will succeed in their jobs if they can convey what the speaker is meaning to say without altering the expression or tone of the speaker. There are three types of interpreting, which are; consecutive, simultaneous, and sight. Consecutive interpreting is when the interpreter waits for a group of words to be spoken before they interpret what was said. Simultaneous is when the interpreter listens and interprets in a different language at the same time. The last is sight and this is when interpreters read one language and translates it aloud in another. Language interpretation services is a permanent component in the criminal justice system so that the constitutional rights requirements are meet for all individuals. Courts are now required to appoint an interpreter when defendants and witnesses do not speak English in a case. Impact that victim rights laws have on court proceedings (past, present, future) Thirty years ago, victims’ rights did not exist. The victims were not notified about the courts processing or if the case was dropped and the defendant was released. Today, every state has an extensive body of basic rights and protections for victims within its statutory code† (Office for Victims of Crime, 2013). Activists discussed amending the Constitution of the United States to recognize victims’ rights statutes in the criminal justice proceedings. It was not until 1982 that a President’s Task Force on victims of crime suggested for the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to be amended so that victims are included in the judicial proceedings. California was the first state to adopt the constitutional amendment in 1982 and by the end of the 21 century 49 states passed the victims’ Bill of Rights and this gave victims benefits and options in their case. Two presidents supported the amendment of the constitution at the end of the 21st century. The amendment gave victims the right to receive information, protection, and restitution from the offender. This also gave the victim the right to express their views on sentencing, bail, and parole. Victims’ rights has come a long way sense the early 1970’s and will continue to change as it needs too. There are several issues facing the courts and courts administrators system today. The analysis above discussed these issues and give information to support the findings. The information of future management issues and trends regarding language interpretation was discussed in the analysis. The past, present, and future impact of victims’ rights laws on the court proceeding were discussed in detail.

Before and After the Cellphone Essay

Cellphones have gradually become an imperative part of peoples lives today. 70% of the world’s population have cellphones. These days, people and their mobile phones seem to be inseparable. Texting or calling someone when we wake up has become a usual habit just like brushing our teeth in the morning. For many of us, it’s hard to imagine a time before cellphones. Having a cellphone has changed our manners, the way we communicate, and our safety. Before cellphones there seemed to be more peace and quite. People seemed to have manners. Today people don’t always remember their manners when using their cellphones. People constantly carrying on personal conversations in a public place can be very annoying. Some people talk really loud and don’t care that everyone around them can hear every word they are saying. It can be extremely disturbing to someone when they are walking in a mall or down a street and someone starts speaking right beside or behind them. They turn to respond, only to find out he or she beside them has an earbud active. Before we had cellphones people would actually write letters. During my elementary school days it was â€Å"cool† to pass notes. We actually used complete sentences and words that were in the dictionary. Also before cellphones if someone was to leave the house, they didn’t make a phone call unless they popped 10 cents into a pay phone. People never received any calls away from home. People actually had to be out of touch with friends and family when they weren’t at home. Now that we have cell phones letters are rarely sent. Today note passing is rare. If kids want to communicate during school they simply just shoot each other a text message. Also, today if someone is to leave the house, making a phone call is easy. With a quick dial on a cellphone people can make a call at any time. Cellphones have not only changed the way we communicate but they have changed our safety. Texting and driving has become common and has caused many deaths in the United States. It was reported in 2005 that cellphone distraction causes 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries in the United States every year. Another safety issue with cellphones is privacy. Say someone’s at an airport, or on the bus. Several people are on their cellphones, some talking business, and others talking about personal information. Any information shared has now become available to anyone else who might have been around to hear their phone call. Others may now know their address, information about their family, or financial records. Before cellphones life were more safe. Before cell phones people didn’t have to constantly worry about someone overhearing their conversation. Also people didn’t have to worry about others driving them off the road because of the careless mistake of texting while driving. The cellphone is loved by many and hated by the few for ruining society. Although cellphones have changed society I have a hard time imagining my life without one. Cellphones have had a major impact on our lives and have vastly changed our manners, the way we communicate and our safety. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aware of.

18 vs. 21 Essay

18 vs. 21 Essay 18 vs. 21 Essay Position Details Page 1 of 2 IT Technician I Type:Part Time Non Benefited Salary:$18.95-$25.10 Status:Recruiting Closing Date:03/21/13 Job Summary Provide assistance and support to in-house computer users; installing, maintaining, and servicing individual PC’s; and advising and supporting the in-house training programs. Please note that the current vacancy is for a project position; however, this recruitment may lead to an eligibility list to fill any future vacancies for the same classification for up to six months. EOE The "Ideal" Candidate Perform a variety of professional and technically skilled tasks in the installation, maintenance, operation, and coordination of the City's computer information systems. Effective Public Relations skills. Establish and maintain effective working relationships. Essential Functions Assist and coordinate a City-wide preventive maintenance program. Develop and implement policies, procedures, and standards relating to information technology activities. Deal with confidential information and develop security strategies for the maintenance of the computer network system. Insure that new City facilities are appropriately equipped with all necessary computer equipment. Produce and distribute statistical data, reports and computer printouts as necessary. Interpret and follow technical manuals and develop, maintain, and update training guides and procedural manuals. Oversee information technology functions, such as, electronic mail and printer sharing. Provide assistance to departments to meet current and plan for future data processing/computer/automated information technology needs. Maintain systems and standards for data base design, backup and recovery.Coordinate activities to resolve program and system problems. Conduct product research. Assist with selection of new hardware and software. Operate, maintain, and repair hardware. Install computer equipment and software, and customize installed software to the specific requirements of the user department. Monitor "back-up" systems and file servers. Interface with vendors and customers in a professional and courteous manner. Monitor computer maintenance and repair contracts. Provide assistance, recommend, and evaluate software-training courses. Oversee, advise and support the City’s Computer User Group.Provide assistance to the public, City staff, and other Governmental agencies.Provide information at the public counter, in writing, and on the telephone. Knowledge of: Principles and techniques of computer system programming, networking and software strategies. Techniques and procedures pertaining to installation and maintenance of

Out of Pocket and Singing in Tune

Out of Pocket and Singing in Tune Out of Pocket and Singing in Tune Out of Pocket and Singing in Tune By Maeve Maddox When I heard someone on NPR say that someone â€Å"couldn’t hold a tune,† in the sense of â€Å"couldn’t carry a tune,† I assumed it was an isolated misuse of the more common expression. Then I did a Google search for â€Å"hold a tune† and got more than half a million hits. Here are a few: Oh, my God, can she really be so oblivious to the fact that she cannot hold a tune? –Otago Daily Times (New Zealand) Even if your child cannot hold a tune, the fact that he loves to sing and is showing an interest in music is wonderful! –LeapFrog advertising site (California company) But thats terrifying me. I cant hold a tune to save my life. God knows how Im going to do that. –Tom Hardy (London-born actor) If I could hold a tune, I’d probably sing to her. –lyrics, Fly Union (American hip hop group from Ohio) I scurried to the Ngram viewer and discovered that â€Å"hold a tune† has been making inroads since the 1960s, although it is still way below the more common expression, â€Å"to carry a tune.† Its use is more noticeable in British English than in American. For those unfamiliar with either idiom, the meaning is â€Å"to sing on key† or â€Å"to sing in tune.† Time will tell if the altered expression has staying power. â€Å"Hold† doesn’t work as well with the colorfully embroidered version that adds â€Å"in a bucket.† For example, â€Å"Florence Foster Jenkins couldn’t carry a tune in a bucket.† out of pocket The first time I heard the expression â€Å"out of pocket† was when I lived in England. I’d bought something to use with my English class and the headmistress reimbursed me because she didn’t want me to be â€Å"out of pocket.† In this context, an â€Å"out-of-pocket† expense is something one pays for personally. For example, one might have an expense account that covered food purchases, but wine would be an â€Å"out-of-pocket† expense. When I returned to the United States, I was bewildered one day when the woman I was working for stopped at my desk to say that she’d be â€Å"out of pocket for about two hours† and walked out the door. As the expression was one she was fond of using, I soon figured out that by â€Å"out of pocket† she meant â€Å"unavailable, out of reach.† In browsing for â€Å"out-of-pocket† examples, I found that, although the â€Å"unavailable† meaning is of U.S. origin and may be found in some newspapers, the financial sense dominates with American speakers, especially on the topic of health care: After I pay $14,523, I’ll incur charges up to an out-of-pocket maximum of $12,700 for a total of $22,700. I wouldnt pay out of pocket for a test my doctor doesnt think I need. We paid out of pocket for a private nurse coordinator service in New Jersey. I rear-ended someone–Should I pay it out of pocket or let them report it to insurance? I went out of pocket for this treat. A Forbes commentator on annoying business jargon notes disapprovingly, â€Å"Many auto-reply e-mails now carry the phrase: Im out of pocket until next week.† The money-related â€Å"out of pocket† dates from 1679. The earliest documentation of the â€Å"unavailable† use is in an O Henry story: Just now she is out of pocket. And I shall find her as soon as I can. –â€Å"Buried Treasure,† 1908. Now that I have these two uses clear, I’ve come across an example that has me bewildered all over again: Youre talkin out of pocket when you told me that Ive changed –Mac Lethal Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Work of Art TitlesEpidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

A CRITIQUE OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE FROM A PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL Essay

A CRITIQUE OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE FROM A PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL - Essay Example In this assignment, this reviewer will critically review a research article from a professional journal (Baldwin, K. M., & Nail, L. M., 2000). The purpose of any critical review is better understanding and learning so new knowledge is build. Moreover, critical thinking is an important acumen for the present day healthcare professionals where professional standards need to be updated in order to provide clients with the best possible care based on evidence (Fink, A., 1998). Healthcare research has advanced keeping pace with the advancement of modern technology guided healthcare practice, and the best evidence can be obtained from the professional medical journals. The most interesting fact is that evidence from professional journals from research articles needs to be gleaned with critical examination of the facts, findings, and reasoning presented there (Bailey, D. , 1997). In other words, the facts presented in a scientific research must be questioned in order to establish the logic of the findings presented there. This can be only done by a systematic review of the article in light of the theoretical paradigms of research methodology that establishes the strength and power of the findings that can serve as evidence (White S & Stracombe J., 2003). Therefore, this author has chosen an article from a journal that is related to her practice and expects that critically reviewing this article would serve to provide evidence that can be utilized in practice in order to upgrade it. The process of evidence-based practice is dependent on the theoretical framework that clinical decisions are as far as possible informed by current research evidence (Sterling,Y. M., 2001). Critical review converts the process of seeking information from research into a series of clear questions that need to be answered clearly, so the truthfulness and usefulness of the research in practice can